over 1thousand years ago most of the glob's population, believed that the earth was flat, and the sun was where gods lived.

But in the Arabic world it was a different matter.
Ancient text quoted from their Qur'an


12) Orbits of celestial bodies:
"It is He who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon, all (the celestial bodies) swim along, each in its orbit." (21:33)

4) Moon is reflected light of the sun:
"Blessed is He who made constellations in the skies, and placed therein a lamp and a moon reflecting light (25:61)

Celestial bodies tied to orbits:
"The sun and the moon follow courses exactly computed." (55:05)

23) Sun is source of light and Moon is just light:
"And made the moon a light in their midst and made the sun as a (Glorious) lamp." (71:16)